Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄)
Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is a dark purple crystalline compound widely used in chemistry and industry as a strong oxidizing agent. It is soluble in water and produces a pink or purple solution. Due to its powerful oxidation properties, it is used in water treatment, disinfection, and organic synthesis.
- Color: Deep purple or dark violet crystals
- Solubility: Soluble in water, producing purple solutions
- Melting Point: Decomposes at 240°C
- Odor: Odorless
- Molar Mass: 158.03 g/mol
KMnO₄ is a strong oxidizing agent. In acidic conditions, it gets reduced from Mn⁷⁺ to Mn²⁺:
2 KMnO₄ + 3 H₂SO₄ → 2 MnSO₄ + K₂SO₄ + 3 H₂O + 5 [O]
In alkaline or neutral medium, it forms MnO₂ (manganese dioxide):
2 KMnO₄ + H₂O → 2 MnO₂ + 2 KOH + 3 [O]
- Water purification: Removes iron, manganese, and odors.
- Medical use: Antiseptic for wounds and fungal infections.
- Organic chemistry: Used in oxidation reactions.
- Textile industry: Bleaching and dyeing agent.
- Waste treatment: Removes hydrogen sulfide and other pollutants.
- KMnO₄ is a strong oxidizer; avoid contact with organic matter or reducing agents.
- It can cause skin and eye irritation; always wear gloves and goggles.
- Store in a cool, dry place away from combustible materials.
- In case of ingestion or inhalation, seek immediate medical help.
Did you know? In the 19th century, potassium permanganate was used as a cure for snakebites and as a disinfectant in hospitals. Its deep purple color also made it popular in experiments and demonstrations in school labs.
