Potassium Permanganate: Uses, Properties, Reactions & Safety

Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄)

Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is a dark purple crystalline compound widely used in chemistry and industry as a strong oxidizing agent. It is soluble in water and produces a pink or purple solution. Due to its powerful oxidation properties, it is used in water treatment, disinfection, and organic synthesis.

• Color: Deep purple or dark violet crystals
• Solubility: Soluble in water, producing purple solutions
• Melting Point: Decomposes at 240°C
• Odor: Odorless
• Molar Mass: 158.03 g/mol

KMnO₄ is a strong oxidizing agent. In acidic conditions, it gets reduced from Mn⁷⁺ to Mn²⁺:

2 KMnO₄ + 3 H₂SO₄ → 2 MnSO₄ + K₂SO₄ + 3 H₂O + 5 [O]

In alkaline or neutral medium, it forms MnO₂ (manganese dioxide):

2 KMnO₄ + H₂O → 2 MnO₂ + 2 KOH + 3 [O]

• Water purification: Removes iron, manganese, and odors.
• Medical use: Antiseptic for wounds and fungal infections.
• Organic chemistry: Used in oxidation reactions.
• Textile industry: Bleaching and dyeing agent.
• Waste treatment: Removes hydrogen sulfide and other pollutants.

• KMnO₄ is a strong oxidizer; avoid contact with organic matter or reducing agents.
• It can cause skin and eye irritation; always wear gloves and goggles.
• Store in a cool, dry place away from combustible materials.
• In case of ingestion or inhalation, seek immediate medical help.

Did you know? In the 19th century, potassium permanganate was used as a cure for snakebites and as a disinfectant in hospitals. Its deep purple color also made it popular in experiments and demonstrations in school labs.