Definition: Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.
Example: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻
Taste: Sour in taste (e.g., lemon juice, vinegar).
pH Value: Less than 7 on the pH scale.
Types of Acids:
1. Mineral Acids (Inorganic): Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
2. Organic Acids: Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), Citric acid
Strength:
Strong Acids: Completely ionize in water (e.g., HCl, HNO₃)
Weak Acids: Partially ionize (e.g., CH₃COOH)
Reaction with Metals: Produces hydrogen gas
Example: Zn + HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑
Reaction with Bases: Forms salt and water (Neutralization reaction)
Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Common Uses:
Cleaning agents (HCl)
Fertilizers (H₂SO₄, HNO₃)
Food preservation (acetic acid)
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