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Tuesday, 8 July 2025

"From Blue to Black: My Real Chemistry Lab Reaction with CuSO₄ and NaOH"

मेरी प्रैक्टिकल की कहानी: जब नीला रंग काला हो गया!

आज का दिन chemistry lab में सच में यादगार था। 8 जुलाई 2025 को, हमारे स्कूल Jyoti Central High School में हमें एक प्रैक्टिकल दिया गया — Fehling's solution और Copper Sulfate (CuSO₄) के साथ काम करना था, और उसके बाद Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) डालकर देखना था कि क्या होता है।

जब मैंने test tube में CuSO₄ लिया, तो उसका नीला रंग बहुत ही चमकदार था। मैंने Fehling's solution डाला, और फिर धीरे-धीरे NaOH की कुछ बूंदें मिलाईं। जैसे ही मैंने उसे थोड़ा heat किया, मुझे ऐसा लगा जैसे कोई जादू हो रहा हो। वो नीला रंग धीरे-धीरे बदलकर काले रंग में बदल गया! 😲

मैं खुद हैरान रह गया। मैंने test tube को ध्यान से देखा — नीचे एक काला precipitate जम चुका था। उस समय मुझे समझ आया कि यह कोई simple reaction नहीं थी — यह एक chemical transformation था, एक सिखने लायक अनुभव।

हमारे chemistry teacher ने समझाया कि ये black substance Copper(II) Oxide (CuO) है, जो thermal decomposition से बना है। यह सुनकर मेरा interest और भी बढ़ गया।

उस प्रैक्टिकल ने मुझे inspire किया कि मैं इस पर एक पूरा article लिखूं। क्योंकि ये सिर्फ lab reaction नहीं थी, ये मेरी learning journey का हिस्सा बन गई थी।

अब मैं आपको उसी experiment की पूरी जानकारी देने जा रहा हूँ — step by step process, reaction, observation और scientific explanation — ताकि आप भी इस amazing reaction को समझ सकें, ठीक वैसे ही जैसे मैंने सीखा।

Reaction of Fehling's Solution with CuSO₄ and NaOH

Fehling’s Solution Reaction with CuSO₄ and NaOH: Formation of CuO

Today in our chemistry practical class, we performed an interesting experiment using Fehling's solution, copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This reaction involves the transformation of a blue-colored solution into a black precipitate, indicating the formation of copper(II) oxide (CuO). Let’s explore the complete process, observation, and scientific explanation behind it.

Chemicals Involved

  • Fehling’s Solution: A mixture of CuSO₄ solution (Fehling A) and alkaline tartrate (Fehling B).
  • CuSO₄ (Copper(II) sulfate): Blue crystalline solid, water-soluble.
  • NaOH (Sodium hydroxide): Strong base used to precipitate metal hydroxides.

Procedure Performed

I took a small quantity of CuSO₄ solution in a test tube. Then I added a few drops of freshly prepared Fehling’s solution. After that, I added NaOH dropwise while gently heating the mixture.

Observation

The blue color of the CuSO₄ solution slowly turned black after adding NaOH and heating. A black precipitate was formed, which settled at the bottom of the test tube. This black substance is copper(II) oxide (CuO).

Chemical Reaction

The overall chemical reaction involved in this experiment is:

CuSO₄ + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)₂ ↓ + Na₂SO₄
Cu(OH)₂ (on heating) → CuO (black ppt) + H₂O

Scientific Explanation

Copper(II) sulfate is a salt of a transition metal. When sodium hydroxide is added, it reacts with Cu²⁺ ions and forms copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂), which is blue in color. On heating, Cu(OH)₂ decomposes to form copper(II) oxide (CuO), which is black in color.

This is an example of a double displacement reaction followed by a thermal decomposition reaction. The color change is a good visual indicator of chemical transformation.

Importance in Chemistry

  • This experiment shows how transition metals form colored compounds.
  • It teaches the basics of precipitation and decomposition reactions.
  • It is useful for testing reducing sugars when performed with Fehling’s solution and glucose.

Conclusion

This practical experiment was simple but very informative. The transformation from a blue solution to a black precipitate clearly indicates a chemical reaction and change in oxidation states of copper. Understanding such reactions builds our foundation in qualitative inorganic chemistry.

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